光伏桩施工原(yuan)理(li)及特点
2021-10-21 11:26:45
光(guang)伏桩发电(dian)(dian)的主要原(yuan)(yuan)理是半(ban)导(dao)体的光(guang)电(dian)(dian)效应。光(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)照射(she)到金(jin)属上时(shi)，它(ta)的能(neng)量可以被金(jin)属中(zhong)某个电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)吸收，电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)吸收的能(neng)量足够大，能(neng)克服金(jin)属内部(bu)(bu)引(yin)力(li)做功，离(li)开(kai)金(jin)属表(biao)面逃逸出来，成为(wei)(wei)光(guang)电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。硅(gui)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有4个外(wai)层(ceng)电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在(zai)纯硅(gui)中(zhong)掺(chan)入有5个外(wai)层(ceng)电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如(ru)(ru)磷原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，就成为(wei)(wei)N型(xing)半(ban)导(dao)体;若在(zai)纯硅(gui)中(zhong)掺(chan)入有3个外(wai)层(ceng)电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如(ru)(ru)硼原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，形(xing)成P型(xing)半(ban)导(dao)体。当P型(xing)和N型(xing)结合(he)在(zai)一(yi)起时(shi)，接触面就会(hui)形(xing)成电(dian)(dian)势(shi)差，成为(wei)(wei)太阳能(neng)电(dian)(dian)池。当太阳光(guang)照射(she)到P-N结后(hou)，空穴由(you)P极(ji)区(qu)往N极(ji)区(qu)移动(dong)，电(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)N极(ji)区(qu)向P极(ji)区(qu)移动(dong)，形(xing)成电(dian)(dian)流(liu)。
光(guang)电效应就是光(guang)照使不(bu)(bu)均匀半导(dao)体(ti)或半导(dao)体(ti)与金属结合的不(bu)(bu)同部位(wei)之间(jian)产生电位(wei)差的现象。它(ta)首先是由光(guang)子(光(guang)波)转化(hua)为电子、光(guang)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)转化(hua)为电能(neng)量(liang)(liang)的过程;其次，是形成(cheng)电压过程。
多晶硅(gui)经过(guo)铸锭、破锭、切片(pian)(pian)(pian)等(deng)程序后，制(zhi)作(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)待加工(gong)的硅(gui)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。在硅(gui)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上掺(chan)杂和扩散(san)微(wei)量(liang)的硼(peng)、磷等(deng)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)P-N结。然后采用丝(si)网(wang)印刷(shua)，将精(jing)配(pei)好(hao)的银(yin)浆印在硅(gui)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上做成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)栅(zha)线，经过(guo)烧结，同时制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)背(bei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极，并在有栅(zha)线的面涂一层(ceng)防反射涂层(ceng)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)至此制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)排(pai)列组(zu)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组(zu)件(jian)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)组(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)大的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板。一般在组(zu)件(jian)四周包铝框，正面覆盖玻(bo)璃，反面安装(zhuang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极。有了(le)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组(zu)件(jian)和其他(ta)辅助设(she)备，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以组(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系统(tong)。为了(le)将直流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)转(zhuan)化交流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，需要安装(zhuang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)转(zhuan)换器。发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后可(ke)用蓄(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存储，也可(ke)输入公共电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)。发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系统(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本中，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组(zu)件(jian)约(yue)占50%，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)转(zhuan)。