光(guang)伏樁(zhuang)施工原理及特點(dian)
2021-10-21 11:26:45
光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏樁發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)主要原(yuan)理是半導體(ti)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)效應。光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)照射到金屬上時，它(ta)的(de)能(neng)量可以被金屬中某個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)全(quan)部吸(xi)收，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)吸(xi)收的(de)能(neng)量足夠大，能(neng)克服金屬內部引力做(zuo)功，離開金屬表面逃逸出來，成為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)。硅原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)有4個(ge)外(wai)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，如果在(zai)純硅中摻入(ru)有5個(ge)外(wai)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)如磷原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)，就成為(wei)N型(xing)半導體(ti);若在(zai)純硅中摻入(ru)有3個(ge)外(wai)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)如硼原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)，形(xing)(xing)成P型(xing)半導體(ti)。當(dang)P型(xing)和N型(xing)結合在(zai)一起(qi)時，接觸(chu)面就會形(xing)(xing)成電(dian)(dian)勢差，成為(wei)太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池。當(dang)太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)照射到P-N結后，空穴由P極區(qu)(qu)(qu)往N極區(qu)(qu)(qu)移(yi)動(dong)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)由N極區(qu)(qu)(qu)向P極區(qu)(qu)(qu)移(yi)動(dong)，形(xing)(xing)成電(dian)(dian)流。
光(guang)(guang)電(dian)效應就是光(guang)(guang)照使不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)半導(dao)體或半導(dao)體與金屬結合(he)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)部位(wei)之間產生電(dian)位(wei)差的(de)現象。它首先是由光(guang)(guang)子(光(guang)(guang)波(bo))轉化為電(dian)子、光(guang)(guang)能(neng)量轉化為電(dian)能(neng)量的(de)過程(cheng);其次，是形成(cheng)電(dian)壓過程(cheng)。
多晶硅(gui)經過鑄錠、破錠、切(qie)片等程序后(hou)，制(zhi)作成(cheng)(cheng)待加工(gong)的硅(gui)片。在硅(gui)片上摻雜和(he)擴散微量的硼、磷等，就(jiu)形成(cheng)(cheng)P-N結。然后(hou)采用絲(si)網(wang)印刷，將精配好的銀漿印在硅(gui)片上做成(cheng)(cheng)柵(zha)(zha)線(xian)，經過燒結，同時(shi)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)背電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，并在有柵(zha)(zha)線(xian)的面涂一(yi)層防反射涂層，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)片就(jiu)至此制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)片排(pai)列組合成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)組成(cheng)(cheng)了大的電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板。一(yi)般在組件(jian)(jian)四周包鋁框，正面覆(fu)蓋玻璃(li)，反面安(an)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)。有了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件(jian)(jian)和(he)其他輔(fu)助設備，就(jiu)可(ke)以組成(cheng)(cheng)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。為(wei)了將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)化交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，需要安(an)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)轉(zhuan)換器。發電(dian)(dian)后(hou)可(ke)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存(cun)儲，也可(ke)輸入公共電(dian)(dian)網(wang)。發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)中，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件(jian)(jian)約占50%，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)轉(zhuan)。